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The tax levied on an individual’s or corporation’s income is known as income tax, which is a direct tax. Individuals are taxed on their total income, taking into account the standard deductions. Corporations or businesses are taxed on their net income, which is the difference between gross receipts and expenditure. Companies would have to pay corporate or corporation tax. Tax is charged on wages, business income and capital gains.

Anyone who works in the United States has to file income tax returns and pay federal income tax every year by the 15th of April. If you cannot do so then you can apply for an extension from the IRS by filing Form 4868. You must then file within four months, by August 15th.

The two major types of tax systems are flat rate taxes and progressive taxes. Flat tax rate is when all earnings are charged at the same rate. Progressive taxes are calculated differentially, based on how much has been earned. For example every $10,000 will be charged higher in the beginning and the following ones would be charged at progressively lower rates. Deductions help individuals and companies pay a lower amount in taxes.

U.S. residents have to file Form 1040. Nonresident Americans will have to file Form 1040 NR. If you are exempt from taxes, you then file Form 8843. The most essential documents you need are your visa, passport, and social security number or TIN (Tax Identification Number).

As an employee of a firm you will file the W-2 form, while the self-employed will need to file Form 1099. If you generate income from investments, dividends, royalties or rental income you will also need to file the 1099 form.

If you have paid interest on mortgage or real estate taxes, you will be mailed a 1098 along with this information. These forms come in triplicate, so send the original to the IRS, and keep the copies carefully.

The IRS e-file program makes it easy to file your taxes online. Before you do so, get a PIN number. For this you will need to give your birth date, social security number, and information from your previous year’s tax return.

A single person would file an individual tax return. Those who are married can file jointly or as individuals. There are many rules for separated, divorced or couples living together. Do go through them carefully. Also look closely at the rules for dependents. Do keep in mind that the social security number of the dependent has to be put on the return, and child support payments are not deductible.

After filing, if you owe taxes, pay before the deadline, or you will face penalties. You may also be owed a refund if you have overpaid your taxes. These could be paid directly or by check. Make sure to include bank account information when you are filing the form.

With your income tax returns, you can claim standard deductions or itemized deductions. These are for mortgage, student loans, some specific expensive medical treatments, charities and business expenses. The originals of 1099 forms and documentation of these deductions must be sent to the IRS.

You can file the returns yourself or get a consultant to help you. The IRS also helps filing of your returns. Call the IRS customer service representatives toll-free at 1-800-829-1040.

The IRS website (www.irs.gov) gives you extensive information. You could also go to websites like About Taxes (www.abouttaxes.org), Complete Tax (www.completetax.com), World Wide Web Tax (www.wwwebtax.com).

Tax Returns provides detailed information on Tax Returns, Income Tax Returns, Tax Return Filing Preparations, Federal Tax Returns and more. Tax Returns is affiliated with Free Tax Filing.

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Republicans in the Senate are moving forward this week with efforts to repeal the estate tax.

The estate-tax measure is unlikely to become a successful bill. The measure will likely draw support from a majority of senators, but is expected to fall short of the 60 votes required to stop a Democratic filibuster.

The estate-tax repeal could find new life in an election-year compromise between a Republican in a Democratic state and a Democrat in a Republican state.

Republican Senator Jon Kyl of Arizona has been talking with Montana Democrat Senator Max Baucus. Baucus is the top Democrat on the Senate Finance Committee. New York Democrat Senator Charles Schumer is taking part in the talks, as well. Aides say that a deal should be reached in the next couple of days.

The senators are working on legislation that would exempt all taxpayers, except the very wealthy, from paying taxes on their estates. This could exempt estates up to $10 million. The senators are also discussing lowering the tax rates that individuals pay on the value of their estates when they die.

Currently, the estate tax is being lowered each year from the rate of 55% in 2001 to 0% in 2010. In 2011, the rate will return to 55%. The rollback was a part of President Bush’s 2001 tax bill.

Each year, the House Republicans vote on a repeal of the estate tax. But the Senate has never met the 60 votes needed. If the senators are able to make peace on the issue, there will probably be a final vote before the elections.

Martin Lukac (http://www.MartinLukac.com), represents http://www.RateEmpire.com and http://www.1AmericanFinancial.com, a finance web-company specializing in real estate/mortgage market. We specialize in daily updates, rate predictions, mortgage rates and more. Find low home loan mortgage interest rates from hundreds of mortgage companies!

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Debt settlement has become a popular approach to resolving problem debts without having to file bankruptcy. With this approach, creditors agree to accept a portion of what you owe (usually around 50% or less) to settle the account, and the remaining balance is forgiven. This technique will certainly continue to grow in popularity now that the new bankruptcy law makes it tougher to fully discharge debts in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

As with anything, there is no free lunch, and creditors are required to report canceled debts to the IRS on Form 1099 (when the canceled balance is $600 or greater). Therefore, the possibility exists that you may owe taxes on the forgiven portion of the debt. For this reason, many financial writers and debt counselors are strongly critical of debt settlement, to the point where they actually recommend against it just because you might end up owing taxes. But the tax consequences of settling your debts are greatly over-emphasized, and this is a really just a minor issue at best.

First, even if you end up owing taxes on the canceled balances, that’s because you saved a bunch of money off your original debts. The total of what you paid the creditor, plus the taxes, will still be much less than what you owed to begin with. There is still a net savings. So it’s hard to understand why this is viewed as a problem in the first place!

Second, the great majority of people who settle their debts are not required to pay taxes on the forgiven part of the balance. That’s because of the “insolvency” rule, described in IRS Publication 908, “Bankruptcy Tax Guide.” Don’t let the title fool you. You don’t need to have filed a formal declaration of bankruptcy to take advantage of the insolvency rule.

Basically, “insolvent” means that you have a negative net worth — that is, you “owe” more than you “own.” As a consequence, most debtors do not have a tax liability on the canceled debts, simply because most debtors are insolvent! It usually comes down to home equity. If you have enough equity in a home (or other property) to outweigh the total of your liabilities (debts), then you have a positive net worth, and will likely have to pay taxes on the forgiven debt amounts. However, the majority of people in serious debt trouble have a negative net worth, and are therefore insolvent. The way it works is that you can offset the canceled debt up to the amount by which you were insolvent at the time you did the settlement.

Come tax time, be sure to get professional tax advice specific to your situation. Also, be sure to read the section in IRS Publication 908 on “reduction of tax attributes,” which requires people using the insolvency rule to reduce their basis in such things as rental property, loss carryovers, etc. Most of that probably won’t apply to you, but again, get specific advice before winging it.

So, the message is, relax about paying taxes on canceled debt balances. That should be the least of your concerns if you’re upside down financially. Don’t let the misguided criticisms of financial writers (who haven’t done their homework) discourage you from looking into one of the most popular and flexible options for achieving debt-freedom.

Charles J. Phelan has been helping consumers become debt-free without bankruptcy since 1997. A former senior executive with one of the nation’s largest debt settlement firms, he is the author of the Debt Elimination Success Seminar

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